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A torque converter in modern usage, is usually a fluid coupling that is utilized to be able to transfer rotating power from a prime mover, for instance an electric motor or an internal combustion engine, to a rotating driven load. Similar to a basic fluid coupling, the torque converter takes the place of a mechanized clutch. This enables the load to be separated from the main power source. A torque converter could provide the equivalent of a reduction gear by being able to multiply torque whenever there is a considerable difference between input and output rotational speed.
The fluid coupling unit is actually the most common kind of torque converter utilized in automobile transmissions. During the 1920's there were pendulum-based torque or likewise called Constantinesco converter. There are various mechanical designs for continuously changeable transmissions which have the ability to multiply torque. For instance, the Variomatic is one version that has expanding pulleys and a belt drive.
The 2 element drive fluid coupling could not multiply torque. Torque converters have an part called a stator. This alters the drive's characteristics all through occasions of high slippage and generates an increase in torque output.
There are a at least three rotating elements within a torque converter: the turbine, which drives the load, the impeller, that is mechanically driven by the prime mover and the stator, which is between the turbine and the impeller so that it could change oil flow returning from the turbine to the impeller. Usually, the design of the torque converter dictates that the stator be prevented from rotating under whichever condition and this is where the term stator starts from. Actually, the stator is mounted on an overrunning clutch. This particular design prevents the stator from counter rotating with respect to the prime mover while still permitting forward rotation.
In the three element design there have been modifications that have been incorporated periodically. Where there is higher than normal torque manipulation is considered necessary, changes to the modifications have proven to be worthy. Most commonly, these modifications have taken the form of various turbines and stators. Each set has been designed to produce differing amounts of torque multiplication. Some instances consist of the Dynaflow that utilizes a five element converter to be able to generate the wide range of torque multiplication considered necessary to propel a heavy vehicle.
Different auto converters consist of a lock-up clutch to reduce heat and so as to improve the cruising power and transmission efficiency, though it is not strictly component of the torque converter design. The application of the clutch locks the impeller to the turbine. This causes all power transmission to be mechanical that eliminates losses related with fluid drive.
