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Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of eighty meters or two hundred sixty five feet. The tower crane's maximum lifting capacity is 16,642 kilograms or 39,690 lbs. with counter weights of 20 tons. Moreover, two limit switches are used to be able to ensure the driver does not overload the crane. There is even one more safety feature called a load moment switch to make certain that the operator does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Finally, the maximum reach of a tower crane is 70 meters or 230 feet.
Because of their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure will first have to be transported to the construction location by utilizing a large tractor-trailer rig setup. Then, a mobile crane is utilized in order to assemble the machinery portion of the crane and the jib. Afterwards, these sections are connected to the mast. After that, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts may be some of the other industrial machinery that is commonly utilized to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane when the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane is able to match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is called a climbing frame or a top climber which fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. Once complete, the slewing unit could detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an additional 6.1m or twenty feet. Then, the crane driver uses the crane to insert and bolt into position one more mast section piece.
A "loaded container" by description is a container other than in the tare or empty condition, in reference to container handling. Unless otherwise confirmed, containers must be treated as loaded. To be able to maintain safety, when handling or securing containers, environmental conditions like wind has to be taken into account. The word loaded refers to the container's maximum gross weigh rating. To be able to guarantee that the centre of gravity is kept as central and low as possible, the cargo has to be equally distributed throughout the container.
In order to maintain safety, having an evenly distributed load is beneficial to avoid excessive tilting, and lack of vehicle stability. A cargo that is even helps to prevent unacceptable load concentrations, and unacceptable vehicle axle loading.
The eccentricity of the center of gravity differs, with the load distribution within the container. It is very important that the designers of handling machinery and containers consider in the engineering process. For instance, when 60 percent of the load by mass is distributed in 50 percent of the length of the container measured from one end of the machine, the eccentricity corresponds to 5%.
Make certain that the container is free to be handled and care has to be taken to make certain it is safely attached to the container, in order to make sure that the machinery used is perfect for the cargo. Specific attention needs to be paid to the possibility of the container tilting because of the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When lifting any container whose centre of gravity is mobile or eccentric, like a bulk container, a tank container a thermal container with a refrigerating unit or a container with a liquid bulk bag, either integral or clip on, or any container with a hanging load, great care should be taken when lifting these.
